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Taste buds: development and evolution.

R Glenn Northcutt1

  • 1Neurobiology Unit, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. 92093-0201, USA. rgnorthcutt@ucsd.edu

Brain, Behavior and Evolution
|September 9, 2004
PubMed
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Vertebrate taste buds develop from specific oropharyngeal epithelium, not from neural structures. This early specification model, involving cell interactions, is supported by substantial evidence, clarifying taste bud induction.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative anatomy

Background:

  • The gustatory system in vertebrates involves taste buds, innervated by cranial nerves VII, IX, and X.
  • Taste buds, absent only in hagfishes, exhibit diverse morphology across vertebrates, typically comprising four cell types.
  • External taste buds evolved independently multiple times, suggesting adaptive radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental origins and induction mechanisms of vertebrate taste buds.
  • To differentiate between the neural induction and early specification models of taste bud development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of vertebrate gustatory systems.
  • Review of existing developmental models and experimental evidence.

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Main Results:

  • Taste buds are induced from ecto- or endodermal epithelia, not placodes or neural crest.
  • Substantial evidence supports the early specification model over the neural induction model.
  • Oropharyngeal epithelium is specified early in development, with taste buds arising from subsequent cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Vertebrate taste bud development is best explained by an early specification model.
  • Taste bud induction involves epithelial specification and cell-cell interactions, rather than direct neural induction.