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Chorea and related disorders.

R Bhidayasiri¹, D D Truong

¹Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC) of West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA.

Postgraduate Medical Journal

|September 10, 2004

Summary

Chorea is characterized by involuntary, irregular movements that can be mistaken for restlessness. This review details the diverse causes of chorea, including Sydenham

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Movement Disorders

Background:

Chorea is defined by irregular, flowing, involuntary movements, sometimes with a writhing quality (choreoathetosis).
Mild chorea can be confused with restlessness; large-amplitude proximal chorea is termed ballism.
Chorea is exacerbated by stress and anxiety, subsiding during sleep, and patients often mask movements.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated review of chorea, encompassing its varied etiologies and clinical presentations.
To outline a practical management strategy for patients experiencing choreiform movement disorders.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on chorea and related movement disorders.
Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for chorea.

Main Results:

Ballism typically results from contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesions.
Chorea arises from diverse conditions: metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular, neurodegenerative, and drug-induced.
Sydenham's chorea is common in children; Huntington's disease and drug-induced chorea are frequent in adults.

Conclusions:

Chorea is a complex symptom with a broad differential diagnosis.
Accurate diagnosis requires considering patient age, medical history, and potential underlying etiologies.
Effective management involves addressing the root cause and symptomatic treatment of involuntary movements.

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