Genetic variation increases during biological invasion by a Cuban lizard

Area of Science:

• Invasion Biology
• Conservation Genetics
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Introduced populations often face genetic bottlenecks, limiting adaptation and increasing extinction risk.
• Despite reduced genetic variation, many introduced species become invasive, expanding their ranges and evolving rapidly.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the genetic paradox of invasive species, specifically the brown anole lizard.
• To understand how introduced populations maintain or increase genetic variation, facilitating invasion success.

Main Methods:

• Genetic analyses of brown anole populations in native and introduced ranges.
• Tracing the origins and genetic makeup of introduced populations, particularly in Florida.

Main Results:

• At least eight distinct introductions of brown anoles into Florida occurred, originating from various parts of its native range.
• These introductions blended genetic variation, resulting in introduced Florida populations with higher genetic diversity than native populations.
• Subsequent global introductions of brown anoles originate from Florida, often retaining elevated genetic variation.

Conclusions:

• Multiple introductions can convert among-population genetic variation into within-population variation, a key factor in invasion success.
• Genetically diverse introduced populations serve as potent sources for further introductions.
• Understanding invasion genetics is crucial for mitigating the economic and biological costs of invasive species.