Gene rearrangement and overexpression of PRAD1 in lymphoid malignancy with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation

The proto-oncogene PRAD1 (parathyroid adenoma 1) on chromosome 11q13 was found to be overexpressed in all five B-cell lines with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation tested. One B-cell lymphoma and four myeloma cell lines with this translocation demonstrated more than 10-fold overexpression as determined by Northern blot analysis, when compared with normal lymphoid tissues such as thymus, spleen and lymph node. Hematopoietic cell lines without the translocation were also examined, but none of these demonstrated the overexpression, confirming that overexpression of the PRAD1 gene is associated with t(11;14) translocation. A truncated form of mRNA was seen in one of five cell lines with the translocation, SP-49. Hybridization with different regions of the PRAD1 cDNA revealed that the truncated form of mRNA retained the coding region but had lost the 3' untranslated region. Southern blot analysis demonstrated a gene rearrangement in this SP-49 cell line. To study the genetic alteration responsible for the truncated form of mRNA in this cell line, the rearranged allele as well as the germline allele were cloned. The restriction map revealed that the rearranged portion was at the 3' end of the PRAD1 gene, eliminating the mRNA-destabilizing signal AUUUA. Human-rodent hybrid cell analysis demonstrated that the region introduced 3' of PRAD1 was derived from chromosome 11, suggesting that the PRAD1 gene region is deleted at the 3' end. Over-expression of the PRAD1 gene in association with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation suggested that in these cases the regulation of PRAD1 was altered by the juxtaposed gene, most likely the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene from chromosome 14.