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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
[Maternal smoking during pregnancy: risk factor for ADHD in the offspring?]
Manfred Laucht1, Martin H Schmidt
1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters des Zentralinstituts für Seelische Gesundheit in Mannheim. laucht@zi-mannheim.de
Objective:
To examine the specifity of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and child behaviour problems.
Method:
In a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 362 children at risk parental tobacco use, cognitive and social-emotional child outcome and characteristics of family environment were assessed.
Results:
About a quarter of mothers reported regular tobacco use during pregnancy. Children in this group exhibited enhanced rates of ADHD. This association held even after adjustment for a number of covariates.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may represent an independent risk factor for ADHD in the offspring.
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