Gene amplification in human cells may involve interchromosomal transposition and persistence of the original DNA...

In tumor cells in vivo and in vitro the amplification of large DNA sequences is a spontaneous and frequently occurring genetic event. We have used human cells to study independent events leading to a low level of amplification of a single copy of an integrated plasmid. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosome banding, and chromosome painting revealed that the new amplified DNA sequences can become located on chromosomes that are totally unrelated to the chromosome that harbors the original DNA sequences, indicating that the transposition of amplified DNA sequences is interchromosomal. In cells containing amplified DNA sequences the integrated single-copy plasmid remained at its original location. The unit of amplification contained a DNA fragment of at least a 800 kb and the same fragment was also present in the parental single-copy cell clone. The data suggest that a doubling of the DNA region at the original location precedes or is coupled to gene amplification.