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Measurement Of Neuromagnetic Brain Function In Pre-school Children With Custom Sized MEG

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Published on: February 19, 2010

Brain morphometry and IQ measurements in preterm children.

E B Isaacs¹, C J Edmonds, W K Chong

¹MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. E.Isaacs@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Brain : a Journal of Neurology

|September 17, 2004

Summary

Children born preterm, even without obvious neurological damage, show a significant decline in intelligence quotient (IQ) over time. This decline is linked to specific brain regions, including the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Pediatrics

Background:

Intelligence quotient (IQ) is generally stable in the general population.
Preterm birth is associated with potential cognitive deficits.
Previous studies on preterm children's IQ decline may be confounded by neurological damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate IQ changes in preterm children classified as neurologically normal.
To identify potential subtle brain abnormalities related to IQ decline in this population.
To explore the neural correlates of IQ decline using advanced neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal assessment of IQ scores from childhood to adolescence in preterm-born children (gestation ≤ 30 weeks).
Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis of brain scans.
Hippocampal volume measurements.

Main Results:

Preterm children showed a significant decline in mean IQ scores over time.
Conventional MRI revealed abnormalities in about 50% of cases, with no clear correlation to IQ.
VBM identified relationships between absolute IQ and parietal/temporal lobes; VIQ decline correlated with frontal/temporal regions; PIQ decline correlated with occipital/temporal regions (including hippocampi).

Conclusions:

Preterm children are at risk for IQ decline even without apparent neurological damage.
Subtle brain abnormalities, detectable by VBM, are associated with IQ decline.
Specific neural regions are implicated in the observed IQ trajectory changes in preterm individuals.