Performance but not acquisition of skill learning is severely impaired in the elderly

A battery of cognitive tests, specifically designed to assess verbal and skill learning, was administered to healthy volunteer subjects of different ages. Although there were age-related declines in initial and terminal performance in both a pursuit rotor and a mirror reading task, the increase in performance with practice on these tasks was little affected by age. Recall, but not recognition, of verbal material was also impaired in the elderly, as were some measures of frequency estimation. These findings are compatible with the contention that, although acquisition of declarative tasks, which requires conscious processing, is impaired in the elderly, acquisition of nondeclarative tasks, which can be learned without conscious awareness, is not affected by age. However, classical conditioning may be an exception to this generalization for reasons that are at the present time unknown.