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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Related Experiment Video

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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A stable compound containing a silicon-silicon triple bond.

Akira Sekiguchi1, Rei Kinjo, Masaaki Ichinohe

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan. sekiguch@staff.chem.tsukuba.ac.jp

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a stable silicon-silicon triple bond compound, 1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyl-2-tetrasilyne. This unique molecule exhibits a trans-bent structure and remarkable thermal stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Organosilicon chemistry
  • Inorganic synthesis
  • Materials science

Background:

  • The synthesis of compounds featuring multiple bonds between silicon atoms is challenging.
  • Previous research has explored silicon-silicon double bonds, but triple bonds remain largely elusive.
  • Understanding the electronic and structural properties of silicon-silicon multiple bonds is crucial for advancing silicon chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a stable compound containing a silicon-silicon triple bond.
  • To investigate the structural and bonding characteristics of this novel silicon-silicon triple bond.
  • To compare the properties of the silicon-silicon triple bond with those of carbon-carbon triple bonds (alkynes).

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of 2,2,3,3-tetrabromo-1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyltetrasilane with potassium graphite (KC8) in tetrahydrofuran.
  • Isolation and purification of the resulting product.
  • X-ray crystallography to determine the molecular structure and bond lengths.
  • Thermal stability analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyl-2-tetrasilyne, a stable compound with a silicon-silicon triple bond.
  • The compound forms emerald green crystals and is stable up to 100°C in the absence of air.
  • The silicon-silicon triple bond length was determined to be 2.0622(9) angstroms.
  • The substituents around the silicon-silicon triple bond are arranged in a trans-bent conformation with a bond angle of 137.44(4) degrees.

Conclusions:

  • A stable silicon-silicon triple bond has been synthesized and characterized for the first time.
  • The silicon-silicon triple bond exhibits unique structural features, including a trans-bent geometry, differing from linear alkynes.
  • The observed bond shortening in the silicon-silicon triple bond is approximately half that seen in alkynes compared to alkenes, suggesting distinct bonding characteristics.