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Summary
Nineteenth-century experimental perfusion was dominated by Germany, shifting to the USA in the mid-twentieth century. British clinical perfusion began in 1953 but faced challenges, later succeeding with US expertise by 1957.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Medical Technology History
Background:
- Experimental perfusion research was primarily conducted in Germany during the 19th century.
- The mid-20th century saw a significant shift in perfusion research and clinical application to the USA, driven by pioneers like Lillehei, Kirklin, and Cooley.
Observation:
- British clinical perfusion commenced in 1953 at the Postgraduate Medical School in London, led by Melrose.
- Initial attempts in the UK were hampered by high mortality rates, leading to cessation of activities in many centers.
- The adoption of American perfusion expertise by returning fellows and visitors was crucial for re-establishing successful clinical perfusion in the UK.
Findings:
- The first successful ongoing clinical perfusion series in the UK began at Hammersmith Hospital in 1957 under Cleland.
- This marked the beginning of the spread of successful perfusion practices throughout the country.
- Early challenges and problems encountered in the mid-1950s perfusion units are documented.
Implications:
- The historical trajectory highlights the international collaboration and knowledge transfer essential for advancing complex medical technologies.
- Understanding past challenges in clinical perfusion provides valuable lessons for current and future practices.
- The development of clinical perfusion in the UK demonstrates the impact of international learning on national healthcare advancements.