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Related Experiment Videos

Pattern formation during T-cell adhesion.

Thomas R Weikl1, Reinhard Lipowsky

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid und Grenzflächenforschung, Potsdam, Germany. weikl@mpikg-golm.mpg.de

Biophysical Journal
|September 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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T cell adhesion patterns form through spontaneous self-assembly, with microdomains initially nucleating and growing. The final central pattern requires active cytoskeletal transport, differing from previous models.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • T cells form complex spatial patterns when adhering to antigen-presenting cells.
  • These patterns involve distinct domains of T cell receptor (TCR)/MHC peptide (MHCp) and LFA-1/ICAM-1 complexes.
  • Existing theories propose either active cytoskeletal processes or spontaneous self-assembly for pattern formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a statistical-mechanical model incorporating thermal fluctuations and diverse spatial patterns.
  • To investigate the mechanisms driving T cell adhesion pattern evolution.
  • To differentiate the roles of spontaneous self-assembly versus active transport in pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a statistical-mechanical model.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inclusion of thermal fluctuations and a full range of spatial patterns.
  • Simulation of T cell adhesion dynamics under varying receptor/ligand concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Confirmed spontaneous self-assembly for intermediate inverted patterns via a novel microdomain nucleation and growth mechanism.
    • Identified two distinct self-assembly regimes based on TCR/MHCp concentration, including multifocal intermediates.
    • Demonstrated that the final central pattern formation necessitates active cytoskeletal transport.

    Conclusions:

    • Spontaneous self-assembly can explain intermediate T cell adhesion patterns through a microdomain-driven process.
    • The final, stable T cell adhesion pattern requires active cytoskeletal transport, not solely passive self-assembly.
    • This model provides new insights into the biophysical mechanisms governing immune cell interactions.