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Elbow flexion test in the normal population.

G M Rayan1, C Jensen, J Duke

  • 1Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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The elbow flexion test can be positive in healthy individuals, especially with specific wrist and shoulder positioning. This study examined test positivity rates in normal volunteers under different arm configurations.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The elbow flexion test is a clinical maneuver used to assess for nerve entrapment, particularly cubital tunnel syndrome.
  • Variations in patient positioning during the test may influence its diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of positive elbow flexion tests in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals.
  • To evaluate the impact of different wrist and shoulder positions on the results of the elbow flexion test.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 102 healthy volunteers (204 elbows).
  • The elbow flexion test was performed with the wrist and shoulder in neutral positions.
  • The test was repeated with the wrist in extension and the shoulder in abduction.

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Main Results:

  • A positive elbow flexion test was observed in 10% of elbows (20/204) with neutral wrist and shoulder positioning.
  • The positivity rate increased to 13% (27/204) when the wrist was extended and the shoulder abducted.
  • These findings suggest a baseline positivity rate in the absence of pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The elbow flexion test can yield positive results in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Positivity rates are influenced by concomitant wrist and shoulder positions.
  • Careful consideration of these factors is necessary when interpreting the elbow flexion test for nerve entrapment.