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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury
Published on: November 29, 2024
[Traumatic potential of colour marking cartridges (FX ammunition)]
Oliver Peschel1, Axel Manthei, Christian Kühl
1Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität München.
Abstract:
Colour marking cartridges as the FX ammunition (Simunition Europe, Brussels) are increasingly used by the police for realistic close range combat training. Conversion kits for service weapons of different manufacturers are available. The ballistic data of this ammunition is reported and experimentally verified. The risk of injury seems to be very low, if the recommended protective equipment is used. Small hematomas up to superficial lacerations are to be expected only in areas over a bony support. Shots to the unprotected eye will result in severe injuries.

