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Updated: Aug 22, 2026

Cardiac Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation Determined by Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis
Published on: May 19, 2021
Peripheral venous pressure as a measure of venous compliance during pheochromocytoma resection
Toby N Weingarten1, Juraj Sprung, James R Munis
1Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota.
Abstract:
Venous pressures measured from peripheral venous catheters (PVP) closely estimate the central venous pressure (CVP) in surgical and critically ill patients. CVP is often used to estimate intravascular volume; however, fluctuations of CVP may also be induced by changes in venous tone caused by alpha-adrenergic catecholamine stimulation. We simultaneously monitored PVP, CVP, and mean arterial blood pressure during resection of pheochromocytoma in a 63-yr-old woman and found excellent correlation between the three pressure variables, suggesting that fluctuations of PVP reflect overall changes in vascular tone.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...

