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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models
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Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

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Pheasant rearer's lung.

S J Partridge1, J C T Pepperell, C Forrester-Wood

  • 1Department of Medicine, Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, UK.

Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England)
|September 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A gamekeeper developed severe interstitial lung disease from extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to pheasant exposure. Despite treatment and occupational changes, the disease progressed, leading to respiratory failure and death.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Occupational Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) is an immune-mediated lung disease caused by inhaled antigens.
  • Occupational exposures are a significant risk factor for developing EAA.
  • Early diagnosis and antigen avoidance are crucial for managing EAA.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old gamekeeper presented with an 8-month history of progressive breathlessness and cough.
  • Clinical presentation and open lung biopsy confirmed severe interstitial lung disease.
  • The condition was attributed to occupational exposure to pheasants.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
  • Despite initial resistance to changing occupation, he ceased pheasant exposure and commenced corticosteroid treatment.
  • The disease progressed to respiratory failure, necessitating lung transplantation referral.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the severe consequences of delayed antigen avoidance in occupational EAA.
  • It underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention in preventing irreversible lung damage.
  • The case emphasizes the potential for fatal outcomes in EAA without timely and effective management.