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Related Experiment Videos

A method to detect McLeod phenotype red blood cells.

R Øyen1, M E Reid, P Rubinstein

  • 1Immunohematology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Immunohematology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Identifying the McLeod phenotype is crucial for distinguishing McLeod syndrome from other acanthocytosis causes. Flow cytometry with anti-K14 antibodies effectively identifies McLeod carrier females by detecting distinct red blood cell populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The McLeod phenotype requires identification to differentiate McLeod syndrome from other acanthocytosis causes like chorea acanthocytosis.
  • Males with McLeod phenotype may have X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.
  • Detecting the McLeod phenotype typically relies on weakened Kell antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) due to limited availability of anti-Kx + -Km antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reliable methods for identifying the McLeod phenotype, particularly in carrier females.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Kell system antibodies, including monoclonal anti-K14, in detecting weakened Kell antigen expression on RBCs.
  • To differentiate McLeod syndrome from other acanthocytosis conditions.

Main Methods:

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  • Testing of RBCs from 12 mother/son or father/daughter pairs using standard hemagglutination tube tests and flow cytometry.
  • Utilized both monoclonal and polyclonal Kell system antibodies, with a focus on monoclonal anti-K14 (G10).
  • Compared agglutination reactions and median fluorescence intensity between McLeod individuals and controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Monoclonal anti-K14 showed weak reactions (+/-) by hemagglutination and low median fluorescence (6-11) with McLeod males' RBCs compared to controls (441).
    • Other Kell antibodies (anti-k) were not suitable for differentiating McLeod phenotype RBCs.
    • Flow cytometry using anti-K14 clearly identified two distinct RBC populations in McLeod carrier females (median fluorescence 6-11 and 229-382).

    Conclusions:

    • Flow cytometry using monoclonal anti-K14 is a highly effective method for identifying McLeod carrier females.
    • Kell system antibodies vary in their ability to detect weakened antigen expression; pre-selected reagents are crucial.
    • This method aids in distinguishing McLeod syndrome from other forms of acanthocytosis.