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Discrimination as a consequence of genetic testing
P R Billings1, M A Kohn, M de Cuevas
1Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco 94120.
American Journal of Human Genetics
|March 1, 1992
Summary
Genetic discrimination, based on perceived genetic variations, is a reality affecting individuals in social institutions, particularly health and life insurance. This practice leads to stigmatization and denial of services for asymptomatic individuals with genetic diagnoses.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Social Sciences
- Bioethics
Background:
- Genetic discrimination is defined as unfair treatment based on an individual's genetic makeup.
- Concerns exist regarding the potential for discrimination following advancements in genetic testing and screening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the existence and manifestations of genetic discrimination.
- To assess the impact of genetic variations on individuals' access to services and entitlements.
Main Methods:
- A case history study was conducted.
- Stringent criteria were applied for case selection to ensure validity.
Main Results:
- The study confirmed that genetic discrimination exists.
- Discrimination is prevalent in health and life insurance sectors.
- Stigmatization and denial of services were observed for asymptomatic individuals with genetic diagnoses.
Conclusions:
- Genetic discrimination poses a significant social challenge, potentially creating an "asymptomatic ill" underclass.
- Existing and future genetic testing and screening programs require careful review and potential modification by multidisciplinary experts and the public.