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Related Experiment Videos

Exercise, nutrition and aging.

W J Evans1

  • 1Human Physiology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.

The Journal of Nutrition
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Older adults can significantly increase muscle mass and strength through resistance training, even at advanced ages. This exercise stimulates muscle repair and growth, counteracting age-related declines.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology

Background:

  • Aging leads to decreased muscle mass, strength, and increased disease risk.
  • Body composition changes with age include increased fat and decreased muscle and bone density.
  • Despite age-related declines, the capacity for muscle growth via resistance exercise is maintained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolic effects of strength training in young and older adults.
  • To examine the role of eccentric muscle contractions in muscle hypertrophy.
  • To investigate the hypothesis that muscle damage stimulates muscle growth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on strength training and aging.
  • Focus on the metabolic and physiological responses to eccentric exercise.
  • Analysis of muscle proteolysis and repair mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Resistance training significantly increases muscle strength and size in older adults (up to 96 years).
  • Eccentric muscle contractions induce muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness.
  • Muscle damage is proposed as a key stimulus for hypertrophy via acute phase response and repair.

Conclusions:

  • High-resistance exercise is effective for increasing muscle mass and strength in the elderly.
  • Eccentric contractions play a crucial role in stimulating muscle hypertrophy.
  • Muscle damage response is fundamental to muscle repair and growth, offering a pathway to mitigate age-related muscle loss.

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