Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a child with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

We report the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a 9-year-old girl. The pathologic diagnosis was made on a partial hepatectomy specimen and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. No human immunodeficiency virus-related nucleic acid was identified in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. Review of the AIDS-related literature reveals a rising incidence of tumors of smooth muscle origin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. This case study details the eighth pediatric AIDS patient with a tumor of smooth muscle origin and represents the 20th and the youngest patient with primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma to be reported in the world literature.