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Quasiparticle scattering by quantum phase slips in one-dimensional superfluids.

S Khlebnikov1

  • 1Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Quantum phase slips in narrow channels generate momentum. In Bose gases, phonons suppress the quantum phase slip rate exponentially. In BCS fluids, fermionic quasiparticles interact with quantum phase slips and disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Quantum phase slips (QPS) unwind supercurrents in narrow channels, generating momentum.
  • Momentum dissipation is crucial for understanding QPS dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of quasiparticle interactions on QPS rates.
  • Compare QPS dynamics in uniform Bose gases and BCS-paired fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of momentum transfer mechanisms.
  • Comparison of QPS rates in different quantum fluid systems.

Main Results:

  • In uniform Bose gases, momentum absorption by phonons leads to exponential suppression of the QPS rate.
  • In BCS fluids, momentum transfer to fermionic quasiparticles creates an interplay between QPS and disorder scattering.

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Conclusions:

  • Quasiparticle dynamics significantly influence quantum phase slip rates.
  • The findings offer insights into quantum transport in superfluids and superconductors.