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Sickle cell disease in central India

Archana B Patel1, Ambarish M Athavale

  • 1Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Nagpur, India. archana@giasbm01.vsnl.net.in

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|September 28, 2004
PubMed

Insights

In India, malnutrition and non-compliance with penicillin prophylaxis significantly increase the risk of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications and infections in children. These factors heighten susceptibility to pain crises and other severe health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) management in India lacks comprehensive data on disease incidence and risk factors, particularly concerning vaccination and prophylaxis.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and risk factors for sickle cell crises (SCC) and infections in Indian children with SCD.
  • To evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccination and penicillin prophylaxis on disease outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective hospital-based study followed 325 children with SCD on penicillin prophylaxis for over 146 person-years.
  • 161 children received pneumococcal vaccination; data on crises, infections, and risk factors were collected.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of SCC was 1.25 per patient-year, and infections occurred at 1.38 per person-year.
  • Key risk factors for both SCC and infections included protein energy malnutrition (PEM), Mahar caste, and non-compliance with medication.

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition and non-compliance with medication are significant risk factors that increase susceptibility to SCC and infections in children with SCD.
  • These findings highlight the need for improved nutritional support and adherence monitoring in SCD management in India.
Abstract

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