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Related Experiment Videos

Cold testing through full-coverage restorations.

Stuart O Miller1, James D Johnson, John D Allemang

  • 1Advanced Specialty Program in Endodontics, Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Journal of Endodontics
|September 28, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Thermal testing of teeth with restorations like porcelain fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic can be accurately done using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE). TFE effectively cools the pulp-dentin junction (PDJ) in various crown types.

Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Endodontics
  • Restorative dentistry

Background:

  • Accurate endodontic diagnosis relies on thermal testing.
  • Testing through dental restorations like porcelain fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic presents challenges.
  • Understanding temperature changes at the pulp-dentin junction (PDJ) is crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and compare temperature changes at the PDJ during thermal testing.
  • To evaluate three common thermal testing methods: ice stick, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE), and carbon dioxide snow.
  • To assess temperature changes in nonrestored teeth and those with PFM, all-porcelain, or gold full coverage restorations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 10 extracted premolars for testing.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed a thermocouple to measure temperature changes at the PDJ over 30 seconds.
  • Tested intact teeth and teeth restored with full gold, PFM, and Empress (all-porcelain) crowns using each thermal testing method.

    • Main Results:

    • Intact teeth and those with PFM or all-ceramic restorations showed similar responses to thermal testing.
    • 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE) caused a significantly greater temperature decrease than carbon dioxide snow between 10 and 25 seconds (p < 0.05).
    • All tested restoration types (gold, PFM, all-porcelain) responded similarly to thermal stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (TFE) is an effective method for inducing temperature reduction at the pulp-dentin junction (PDJ).
    • TFE demonstrated superior cooling compared to carbon dioxide snow in teeth with various restorations.
    • TFE application on a saturated cotton pellet is the most effective method for thermal testing of intact and restored teeth within 15 seconds.