Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

616
Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
616
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

1.2K
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
1.2K
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

670
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
670
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

700
Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
700
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

1.4K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
1.4K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

36.1K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comprehensive mapping of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> reveals diverse mechanisms of mRNA processing including premature transcription termination.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Celebrating the fifth edition of the International Symposium on Fungal Stress - ISFUS, a decade after its 2014 debut.

Fungal biology·2025
Same author

Characterizing extracellular vesicles of human fungal pathogens.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same author

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> infections: aspartyl protease potential to improve outcome in susceptible hosts.

mBio·2024
Same author

Alternative TSS use is widespread in Cryptococcus fungi in response to environmental cues and regulated genome-wide by the transcription factor Tur1.

PLoS biology·2024
Same author

The spliceosome impacts morphogenesis in the human fungal pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i>.

mBio·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans
08:24

Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: February 27, 2018

14.4K

Cryptococcus neoformans capsule biosynthesis and regulation.

Guilhem Janbon1

  • 1Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. janbon@pasteur.fr

FEMS Yeast Research
|September 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary

The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule is a key virulence factor. Recent advances in genomic tools have identified new proteins involved in capsule biosynthesis and regulation, improving our understanding of this structure.

More Related Videos

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

13.1K
Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
10:02

Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy

Published on: October 21, 2014

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans
08:24

Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: February 27, 2018

14.4K
Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

13.1K
Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
10:02

Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy

Published on: October 21, 2014

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pathogen Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is a critical virulence factor, impacting the host immune system.
  • Previous research extensively detailed capsule composition, structure, and environmental regulation.
  • However, genes directly involved in capsule biosynthesis remained largely unidentified until recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel genes and proteins involved in Cryptococcus neoformans capsule biosynthesis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying capsule formation and regulation.
  • To advance the understanding of virulence factor production in fungal pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced experimental tools and techniques for studying C. neoformans biology.
  • Leveraged data from the sequencing of three complete C. neoformans genomes.
  • Employed molecular and genetic approaches to identify proteins participating in capsule synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified a number of proteins that directly participate in capsule biosynthesis.
  • Discovered proteins that regulate the size of the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule.
  • Gained preliminary insights into the complex events required for capsule formation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent genomic and technological advancements have accelerated the identification of genes crucial for capsule production.
  • This progress provides a clearer, albeit preliminary, picture of the molecular events governing capsule biosynthesis.
  • Further research into these identified proteins will refine our understanding of C. neoformans pathogenesis.