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Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids
1Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
|September 30, 2004
Summary
Structured lipids (SLs), including structured triacylglycerols (STGs) and structured phospholipids (SPLs), are chemically or enzymatically modified. This review details methods for synthesizing STGs and SPLs with tailored fatty acid compositions.
Area of Science:
- Lipid Chemistry
- Biotechnology
- Food Science
Background:
- Structured lipids (SLs) are lipids with altered chemical or enzymatic structures.
- This review focuses on structured triacylglycerols (STGs) and structured phospholipids (SPLs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the synthesis of MLM-type structured triacylglycerols (STGs).
- To review the enzymatic preparation of structured phospholipids (SPLs).
Main Methods:
- STGs synthesis involves lipase-catalyzed acyl exchange, acylation of glycerol, or deacylation/reacylation of triacylglycerols.
- SPLs preparation includes acyl group modification via lipases or phospholipase A2 and head group modification using phospholipase D.
Main Results:
- MLM-type STGs feature medium-chain fatty acids at sn-1/3 and long-chain at sn-2.
- Enzymatic methods allow precise control over fatty acid placement in STGs.
- Phospholipase D enables diverse head group modifications in SPLs, creating a wide range of compounds.
Conclusions:
- Enzymatic and chemical modifications offer versatile routes to synthesize custom STGs and SPLs.
- These structured lipids have potential applications due to their tailored properties.