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Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
Published on: May 25, 2021
Detection of cocaine and cocaethylene in sweat by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass
Maria José Damas Follador1, Mauricio Yonamine, Regina Lucia de Moraes Moreau
1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicology, University of S. Paulo, USP, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 B13B CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
In the present work, a semi-quantitative method was developed to detect simultaneously cocaine (COC) and cocaethylene (CE) (transesterification product of the coingestion of COC with ethanol) in sweat. Sweat samples were collected by means of a non-occlusive sweat patch device supplied by PharmChek. The method was based on the dissolution of COC and CE incorporated into the patch, with 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and the extraction of the analytes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect the analytes in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The method showed to be very simple, rapid and sensitive. The limits of detection were 5 ng/ml for COC and CE (12.5 ng/patch). Good inter and intra-assay precision was also observed (coefficient of variation <8%) with the use of deuterated internal standards.
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