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Decompression sickness risk model: development and validation by 150 prospective hypobaric exposures.

Andrew A Pilmanis1, Lambros J Petropoulos, Nandini Kannan

  • 1Brooks City-Base Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/HEPR, 2485 Gillingham Drive, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5105, USA. andrew.pilmanis@brooks.af.mil

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|October 6, 2004
PubMed
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A new model accurately predicts altitude decompression sickness (DCS) risk in humans. This validated model helps reduce operational risks associated with high-altitude exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Physiological Modeling
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • High altitude exposure presents significant risks of decompression sickness (DCS).
  • Operational safety necessitates a reliable predictive model for altitude-induced DCS.
  • Laboratory validation using human subjects is crucial for theoretical model acceptance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a predictive model for altitude decompression sickness (DCS).
  • To reduce operational risks associated with high-altitude environments.
  • To integrate statistical and bubble growth models for a comprehensive risk assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a statistical altitude DCS model using a database of human subject studies.
  • Created a bubble growth model employing finite difference methods.

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  • Integrated both models into the AFRL DCS Risk Assessment Model.
  • Validated the model through prospective human subject exposures across diverse altitude and time parameters.
  • Monitored subjects for DCS symptoms and venous gas emboli.

    • Main Results:

    • The model's predicted DCS incidence onset curves closely matched experimental values.
    • Predictions were within +/- 5% of actual observed values across all tested scenarios.
    • Thirty subjects participated in five distinct altitude exposure profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • A predictive model for altitude decompression sickness (DCS) has been successfully developed.
    • The model demonstrated robust validation through human subject testing.
    • The AFRL DCS Risk Assessment Model is a reliable tool for mitigating altitude-related risks.