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The effect of aging on functional decline among older Japanese living in a community: a 5-year longitudinal data
Tatsuro Ishizaki1, Ichiro Kai, Yasuki Kobayashi
1Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, School of Public Health, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. tatsuro@pbh.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Background And Aims:
Using longitudinal data analyses, we examined the effects of aging on functional decline, based on activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) during a 5-year follow-up among older people living in a community in Japan.
Methods:
The baseline survey in July 1988 involved all elderly residents aged 60 or older in Saku City, Nagano, Japan (N=13418). All survivors of this cohort were asked to participate in follow-up surveys conducted in 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993. Five items of ADL and five of IADL were measured on each survey. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis was used to examine the effects of aging on the increase of the proportion of subjects with functional dependence.
Results:
These results indicated that the proportion of subjects who were dependent in ADL increased during the 5-year period by 2.2 times (p<0.001) and the proportion of those who were dependent in either ADL or IADL increased during the same period by 1.8 times (p<0.001). Gender did not appear to be significantly associated with functional decline.
Conclusions:
The GEE analysis in this study identified the statistically significant effect of aging on the increase of the proportion of subjects with functional dependence based on ADL and IADL.
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