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Human schistosomiasis in India?

V R Southgate1, M C Agrawal

  • 1Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK.

Parasitology Today (Personal Ed.)
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Human schistosomiasis, previously thought absent in India, was confirmed in Maharashtra in 1952. Future irrigation projects may increase schistosomiasis risk in livestock and humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Public Health in India

Background:

  • Human schistosomiasis (bilharzia) was widely believed to be absent in India.
  • This belief stemmed from the lack of identified intermediate snail hosts for Schistosoma species.
  • Despite this, the disease was periodically introduced by returning soldiers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a human schistosomiasis focus in Gimvi village, Maharashtra.
  • To discuss the implications of this finding for public health in India.
  • To assess the potential future risk of schistosomiasis due to large-scale irrigation projects.

Main Methods:

  • Field investigation and case identification in Gimvi village, Ratnagiri District.
  • Epidemiological assessment of the schistosomiasis focus.
  • Review of historical data and potential environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • A focus of human schistosomiasis was identified in Gimvi village in 1952.
  • The identified focus appeared to be in a state of recession at the time of the report.
  • Large irrigation projects, particularly those centered on the Narmada River, were highlighted as potential future risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery challenges previous assumptions about the absence of human schistosomiasis in India.
  • Ongoing and future environmental changes, such as irrigation schemes, may increase the prevalence and transmission of schistosomiasis.
  • Further surveillance and control measures are necessary to mitigate the risk of schistosomiasis in India.

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