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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Helper T-cell subsets in mouse trichuriasis.

K J Else1, R K Grencis

  • 1Immunology Group, Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT UK.

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Mouse models of Trichuris muris infection reveal distinct immune responses. Resistant mice show T(H)2-type cells, while susceptible mice exhibit T(H)1-type cells, impacting parasite expulsion.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Helminthology

Background:

  • The nematode parasite Trichuris muris causes variable infection outcomes in mice.
  • Some mouse strains resist infection, while others develop chronic infections due to inadequate immune responses.
  • Mouse trichuriasis serves as a model to study acute versus chronic helminth infection immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the polarization of helper T-cell responses during Trichuris muris infection.
  • To correlate T-cell responses with resistance or susceptibility to chronic infection.
  • To compare findings with T-cell responses in other intestinal nematode infections.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized different inbred mouse strains infected with Trichuris muris.
  • Analyzed the type of helper T-cell response (T(H)1 vs. T(H)2) generated.
  • Correlated T-cell polarization with the ability of mice to expel the parasite.

Main Results:

  • Resistant mouse strains predominantly developed T(H)2-type helper T-cell responses.
  • Susceptible mouse strains, unable to expel the parasite, showed predominantly T(H)1-type responses.
  • T-cell polarization is a key factor determining the outcome of Trichuris muris infection.

Conclusions:

  • Helper T-cell polarization significantly influences the host's ability to control Trichuris muris infection.
  • T(H)2 responses are associated with parasite resistance and expulsion.
  • T(H)1 responses are linked to susceptibility and chronic infection in this helminth model.