Resurgence of acute rheumatic fever in west Alabama

This study was done to ascertain whether there was an increased incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in west Alabama, similar to that reported elsewhere within the United States. Hospital records for the previous 10 years were reviewed and 5-year intervals were compared (1980 through 1984 vs 1985 through 1989). A sevenfold increase was noted in the later period. Possible explanations for this increase are discussed. Close surveillance, appropriate testing, and adequate complete treatment must be continued to eradicate streptococcal disease leading to acute rheumatic fever.