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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Bouveret's syndrome. Case report].

José Antonio López-Martínez1, Mirna Magali Delgado-Carlo, Fernando Palacio-Vélez

  • 1Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza, ISSSTE, México, DF.

Cirugia Y Cirujanos
|October 8, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bouveret

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Surgery

Background:

  • Bouveret's syndrome, a rare form of gallstone ileus (1-3%), causes piloro-duodenal obstruction from a giant gallstone.
  • This condition primarily affects elderly patients with chronic illnesses and carries a high mortality risk.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old male presented with gastric obstruction and dehydration.
  • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a giant gallstone causing piloro-duodenal obstruction, which was not amenable to endoscopic removal.
  • Surgical exploration identified a giant gallstone in the duodenum and a scleroatrophic gallbladder.

Findings:

  • Gastrotomy successfully extracted the giant gallstone.
  • Post-extraction gastrography identified a gallstone duodenal fistula.

Implications:

  • Bouveret's syndrome diagnosis is supported by radiographic findings with high sensitivity and specificity.
  • Endoscopic removal of giant impacted gallstones is challenging.
  • Surgery remains the preferred therapeutic option for Bouveret's syndrome, especially with impacted giant gallstones.