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A randomized trial on sodium reduction in two developing countries.

T Forrester1, A Adeyemo, S Soarres-Wynter

  • 1Tropical Medical Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.

Journal of Human Hypertension
|October 8, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Salt restriction effectively lowers blood pressure (BP) in developing countries, similar to affluent cultures. This population-wide strategy can help manage hypertension and prevent age-related BP increases in resource-poor communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health Interventions
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor in developing nations, with limited access to medication.
  • Population-wide preventive strategies like salt restriction are promising but understudied in resource-poor settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of salt restriction on blood pressure (BP) in adults in Nigeria and Jamaica.
  • To compare the BP response to salt restriction in developing countries with findings from more affluent populations.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized crossover study involving 56 Jamaicans and 58 Nigerians.
  • Participants completed an 8-week crossover of low-salt and high-salt diets after a 4-week adherence run-in period.
  • Blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion were monitored.

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Main Results:

  • Mean systolic BP decreased by approximately 5 mmHg during the low-salt phase compared to the high-salt phase in both groups.
  • Significant differences in urinary sodium excretion were observed between low-salt and high-salt phases.
  • Adherence to salt restriction was confirmed by urinary sodium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium reduction is an effective strategy for lowering blood pressure (BP) in developing countries, comparable to its effects in developed nations.
  • Widespread promotion of salt restriction could be a valuable tool for managing existing hypertension and preventing age-related BP increases in low-income communities.