Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
09:12

Surgical Swine Model of Chronic Cardiac Ischemia Treated by Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Published on: March 27, 2018

Effect of smoking status on mortality and morbidity following coronary artery bypass surgery

M N Ashraf1, A Mortasawi, A D Grayson

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
|October 8, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Smoking significantly increases risks after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), including infections and longer ventilation. Quitting smoking is crucial for patients to maximize long-term benefits from CABG surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgical intervention for severe coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of smoking on patient outcomes after CABG surgery.
  • To determine if preoperative smoking status affects in-hospital and long-term results following CABG.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 6,367 patients undergoing CABG.
  • Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis for risk adjustment.
  • Outcomes adjusted for American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Current smokers (14.9%) had higher rates of chest infections, atelectasis, and prolonged ventilation.
  • Current smokers experienced longer intensive care unit stays.
  • Current smokers faced significantly increased long-term mortality compared to non-smokers.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking cessation is recommended to improve long-term outcomes post-CABG.
  • Encouraging patients to quit smoking can enhance the benefits of CABG surgery.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...