[Meniscus replacement: current aspects in the field of tissue engineering]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Tissue engineering presents innovative solutions for meniscus repair and replacement.
• Current approaches combine matrix scaffolds, cells, and stimuli to create meniscus substitutes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current strategies in tissue engineering for meniscus replacement.
• To discuss the potential of acellular matrices and cellular seeding for meniscus regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical and animal studies on acellular matrix scaffolds (collagen, synthetic polymers, small intestine submucosa).
• Exploration of cellular seeding techniques using autologous meniscus cells, chondrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells.
• Consideration of additional stimuli like cytokines, mechanical forces, and genetic engineering.

Main Results:

• Acellular matrices can be invaded by cells, remodel, and form fibrocartilage-like tissue.
• Clinical application of collagen scaffolds for partial meniscus replacement exists.
• Animal studies show promise for synthetic polymers and small intestine submucosa.
• The ideal cell source for seeding remains unidentified.

Conclusions:

• Acellular matrices show potential for meniscus replacement, but biomechanical properties and cartilage effects require further investigation.
• Cellular seeding of matrices may enhance implant quality, with ongoing research into optimal cell types and stimuli.
• Advanced tissue engineering holds promise for improved meniscus repair and regeneration.