Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
Published on: December 14, 2011
Laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality
Naoki Nakaya1, Hiroaki Kumano, Keiji Minoda
1Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. nakaya-thk@umin.ac.jp
Abstract:
The authors' purpose in this study was to test the hypothesis that laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality. The authors selected 23 healthy volunteers and divided them into two groups based on the predominance of muscle stiffness on the left or right side. Imbalance of muscle stiffness was calculated as the absolute value of the difference of muscle stiffness between the right and left sides. The authors evaluated personality with the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Subjects with left predominant muscle stiffness of the rectal abdominis had significantly higher neuroticism score than those with right predominant muscle stiffness. Subjects with more imbalance of muscle stiffness in the latissimus dorsi and in the trapezius had significantly higher neuroticism and psychoticism scores than those with less imbalance. The findings suggest that laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality.
Related Concept Videos
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
Lateralization
Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Implicit Personality Theories

