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MSMA resistance studies.

N D Camper1, R J Keese, P S Coker

  • 1Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0315, USA. dcamper@clemson.edu

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
|October 12, 2004
PubMed
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Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) resistance in cocklebur and cotton is linked to higher glutathione levels and potentially phytochelatins. MSMA treatment did not alter arsenic form but increased certain amino acids and glutathione in resistant plants.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Environmental Toxicology

Background:

  • Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) is an herbicide used in agriculture.
  • Understanding herbicide resistance mechanisms in plants like cocklebur and cotton is crucial for effective weed management.
  • Arsenic metabolism and detoxification pathways in plants are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical basis of MSMA resistance in common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).
  • To analyze the effects of MSMA treatment on arsenic content, amino acid profiles, and glutathione metabolism in resistant and susceptible biotypes.
  • To explore the potential role of glutathione synthetase and phytochelatins in MSMA tolerance.

Main Methods:

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  • MSMA-resistant and -susceptible biotypes of cocklebur and cotton were treated with MSMA.
  • Analysis of plant parameters included glutathione synthetase activity, amino acid content (arginine, glutamic acid, alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glutathione), and arsenic content (MSMA, total arsenic, arsonate).
  • No reduction of pentavalent arsenic to trivalent form was detected post-treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • MSMA treatment increased arginine, glutamic acid, and glutamine content within three days.
    • Glutathione levels initially decreased but were significantly elevated (8-20 times) in resistant cocklebur and cotton five days post-treatment.
    • Glutathione synthetase activity was higher in cotton than cocklebur and unaffected by MSMA, though slightly higher in resistant biotypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Cotton's tolerance to MSMA may involve glutathione synthetase activity and phytochelatins.
    • Elevated glutathione levels in resistant biotypes suggest a role for phytochelatins in the MSMA resistance mechanism.
    • MSMA does not appear to undergo reduction to the toxic trivalent form within these plant species.