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Related Experiment Videos

Nucleation versus spinodal decomposition in phase formation processes in multicomponent solutions.

Jürn W P Schmelzer1, Alexander S Abyzov, Jörg Möller

  • 1Fachbereich Physik der Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz, 18051 Rostock, Germany.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 12, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a generalized Gibbs

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Classical nucleation-growth models describe new-phase formation but have limitations.
  • Understanding phase transitions near critical points requires advanced theoretical frameworks.
  • The Gibbs' approach is a foundational concept in thermodynamics for phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a generalized Gibbs' approach to model new-phase formation processes.
  • To analyze cluster evolution considering both thermodynamic and kinetic factors.
  • To investigate phase formation in metastable and unstable states near the spinodal curve.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a generalized Gibbs' approach for thermodynamic and kinetic analysis.
  • Developed a simple model for a binary mixture to study cluster evolution.

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  • Examined phase formation pathways in metastable and unstable initial states.

    • Main Results:

    • Cluster evolution in size and composition differs significantly from classical nucleation-growth.
    • Nucleation exhibits spinodal-like decomposition properties with a near-constant size and changing composition.
    • Phase formation near the spinodal can occur via a thermodynamic potential ridge with a finite activation barrier.

    Conclusions:

    • The generalized Gibbs' method offers a more comprehensive description of phase changes, including spinodal regions.
    • Nucleation concepts, modified from the classical picture, can govern phase formation from unstable states.
    • There is a continuity in phase transformation kinetics near the classical spinodal curve.