The diamond CO2 laser as a method of improving the vascularisation of a permanent collagen implant

For a biomaterial to be considered as anything other than a simple filler material it must allow a certain degree of ingrowth from the surrounding host tissues. Permacol is a novel porcine derived biomaterial that is isocynate crosslinked to prevent its degradation in vivo, but while it appears to be biocompatible in terms of its histological tissue response, our early studies demonstrate only a limited degree of fibrovascular ingrowth. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of both laser perforations and topically applied VEGF as methods of encouraging fibrovascular ingrowth. Treatment of Permacol with the diamond CO(2) laser significantly increased the porosity of the material as assessed by seescan image analysis. Fibrovascular ingrowth as assessed in the Sprague-dawley rat model was found to be limited to the pores themselves and not the surrounding native matrix. Pre-soaking of laser treated Permacol in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not further increase fibrovascular ingrowth. Increasing the porosity of Permacol may allow its use as a dermal replacement in the support of an overlying skin graft or keratinocyte sheet; however using the laser may not be the optimal method of achieving this aim.