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Optical coherence tomography findings in myopic traction maculopathy
Giacomo Panozzo1, Andrea Mercanti
1TECLO srl, Vitreoretinal Service, Verona, Italy. g.panozzo@iol.it <g.panozzo@iol.it>
Objective:
To describe the features and incidence of epiretinal traction and related retinal damage in degenerative myopia.
Design:
Consecutive observational case series.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed medical records and optical coherence tomography findings of 218 eyes with high myopia of 121 consecutive patients to detect the incidence and features of epiretinal traction-related macular damage. The degree of myopia ranged from -8 to -26 spherical equivalent (mean +/- SD, -16.93 +/- 5.74). Mean +/- SD axial length was 29.75 +/- 2.12 mm. Excluding eyes with possibly confounding features, 125 eyes were analyzed.
Main Outcome Measure:
Detection of epiretinal traction and related macular damage.
Results:
Epiretinal traction was found in 58 (46.4%) of 125 eyes and retinal damage, in 43 eyes (34.4%). Macular retinoschisis was the most frequent form of macular damage (25 eyes [58%]), followed by retinal thickening, lamellar hole, and shallow retinal detachment.
Conclusions:
Epiretinal traction is a frequent finding in degenerative myopia and, particularly if associated with the presence of staphyloma, can generate a form of macular damage unique to eyes with high myopia. This damage can affect up to one third of these eyes and should be considered as a separate cause of visual loss easily detected by optical coherence tomography at its early stages.