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Published on: October 12, 2018

Acquired rectal fistula in human immunodeficiency virus-positive children: a causal or casual relationship?

A F Uba1, L B Chirdan, W Ardill

  • 1Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. afranu@yahoo.com

Pediatric Surgery International
|October 14, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Acquired rectal fistula in children may indicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Early screening for HIV is crucial in pediatric patients presenting with acquired rectal fistulas.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acquired rectal fistula (RF) is an emerging concern in pediatric populations.
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can present with various opportunistic infections and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between acquired rectal fistula and HIV infection in children.
  • To raise clinical awareness regarding this potential indicator of pediatric HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 11 infants with acquired RF over a 1-year period.
  • HIV testing (ELISA and Western blot) for affected children and their families.
  • Clinical data collection including associated conditions and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ten out of 11 infants with acquired RF were confirmed HIV-positive.
  • Mothers of 10 HIV-positive children and three fathers were also HIV-positive.
  • Common co-occurring conditions included bronchopneumonia, otitis media, oral thrush, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy.
  • Conservative management was favored due to poor surgical outcomes.
  • Two infants and one father died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Conclusions:

  • Acquired rectal fistula in children appears to be a significant sign of underlying HIV infection.
  • Routine HIV screening is recommended for all children diagnosed with acquired rectal fistula.
  • Early detection and management of pediatric HIV are critical for improving outcomes.

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