Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Nasopharynx paraganglioma with extension in the clivus
P Bijlenga1, P Dulguerov, M Richter
1Clinic of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. Philippe.Bijlenga@hcuge.ch
Abstract:
Paraganglioma is a rare benign tumor arising from the sympathetic nervous system. Here we describe an exceptional case of a paraganglioma located in the nasopharynx with an extension through the clivus up to the dura. Atypically, no contact with any major vessels was found. A radical resection of the mass was performed by an anterior transmaxillary approach through a Le Fort I osteotomy. One year follow up reveals no signs of local or distant recurrence. No cosmetic changes can be observed after the surgery and nasal and masticatory functions are unmodified. We review the clinical presentation, workup of paraganglioma, as well as the surgical approaches to the clivus.
Related Concept Videos
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
Muscles that Move the Head
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...