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The athlete's heart.

M H Crawford, R A O'Rourke

    Advances in Internal Medicine
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Athletic training causes physical changes detectable in exams and imaging. Recognizing these adaptations is key to avoiding misdiagnosis of heart disease in athletes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Cardiology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Athletes exhibit unique physiological and anatomical adaptations due to training.
    • Distinguishing training-induced changes from pathology is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the effects of physical training on athletic physical examinations and diagnostic tests.
    • To emphasize the importance of differentiating normal athletic adaptations from signs of cardiac disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Discussion of anatomical and physiological effects of physical training.
    • Analysis of alterations in physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram findings in athletes.

    Main Results:

    • Physical training leads to specific, recognizable changes in the athlete's physical examination and cardiovascular assessments.
    • These changes, if misinterpreted, can be mistaken for cardiac pathology.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding training adaptations prevents misdiagnosis of cardiac disease in athletes.
    • Excluding underlying cardiovascular conditions is vital due to the risk of sudden cardiac death.
    • Factors like improper training and environmental extremes can precipitate cardiovascular events in athletes.

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