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Related Concept Videos

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Zebrafish Spermatocytes
08:46

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Zebrafish Spermatocytes

Published on: March 3, 2020

Variation in human meiotic recombination.

Audrey Lynn1, Terry Ashley, Terry Hassold

  • 1Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. audrey.lynn@case.edu

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|October 16, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human meiosis recombination patterns are better understood due to new genetic and cytological tools. This review covers methods, influencing factors, and clinical relevance of meiotic recombination variations.

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
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Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Limited knowledge existed 20 years ago regarding human meiotic recombination frequency and distribution.
  • Factors influencing recombination patterns were largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for studying human meiotic recombination.
  • To discuss factors affecting recombination number and location.
  • To explore clinical consequences of altered recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of linkage-based genetic mapping tools.
  • Description of cytological approaches for visualizing recombination in meiocytes.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in understanding human meiotic recombination.
  • Identification of various factors influencing recombination patterns.
  • Recognition of clinical implications of recombination variability.

Conclusions:

  • Modern genetic and cytological techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of human meiotic recombination.
  • Further research into recombination factors and clinical consequences is warranted.