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A review of Alternaria alternata sensitivity
1University of Wisconsin, Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA. hxs@medicine.wisc.edu
Abstract:
Sensitivity to fungi is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. However, the prevalence of fungal sensitivity in asthma is not completely understood. Nonetheless upward of 80% of asthmatic patients may be sensitized to one or more fungi. Fungal exposure occurs primarily from outdoors sources, but can occur in the indoor environment as well. Assessment of fungal exposure requires a multifaceted approach including measurement of airborne spores and culture techniques to identify the relevant organisms. Preventing intrusion of outdoor fungal spores into the indoor environment may be helpful in reducing allergic symptoms. Methods to abate indoor fungal growth include reduction of indoor humidity and removal of water sources. Patients with fungal sensitivity should be advised to avoid exposure as much as possible. For patients who have failed to respond to environmental control measures and appropriate medications, it may be reasonable to consider specific immunotherapy. The application of molecular biology techniques to the study of allergens has enhanced the researcher's ability to produce Alternaria allergens in quantity, to determine their biological relevance, as well as to evaluate mechanisms of Alternaria sensitivity. We look forward to new developments and improved treatments through modulation of the immune response with molecularly produced and well characterized fungal allergy.
Insights
Fungal sensitivity significantly contributes to asthma development, with over 80% of asthma patients potentially sensitized to fungi. Environmental control and immunotherapy are key management strategies for fungal-related asthma.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Health
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Fungal sensitivity is a major risk factor for asthma development.
- The exact prevalence of fungal sensitivity in asthma patients remains unclear, though estimates suggest over 80% may be sensitized.
- Fungal exposure can originate from both outdoor and indoor environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the prevalence and impact of fungal sensitivity in asthma.
- To discuss assessment and management strategies for fungal-related asthma.
- To highlight advancements in understanding fungal allergens and potential new treatments.
Main Methods:
- Assessment involves measuring airborne fungal spores and using culture techniques.
- Environmental control measures include reducing indoor humidity and eliminating water sources.
- Molecular biology techniques are used to study fungal allergens like Alternaria.
Main Results:
- Upwards of 80% of asthma patients may exhibit sensitivity to one or more fungi.
- Preventing fungal spore intrusion and abating indoor fungal growth can reduce allergic symptoms.
- Molecular techniques facilitate the production and study of fungal allergens, aiding in understanding sensitivity mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Fungal sensitivity is highly prevalent in asthma and requires careful management.
- Environmental controls and avoidance are crucial first-line strategies.
- Immunotherapy and advancements in molecular allergen research offer promising future treatments for fungal-induced asthma.
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