Antisense RNA to the putative tumor-suppressor gene DCC transforms Rat-1 fibroblasts

Allelic deletions involving chromosomes 18q occur in a significant number of colorectal cancers. Recently, a highly conserved gene called 'deleted in colorectal cancer' (DCC) has been identified on chromosome 18q. DCC has been postulated to be a colorectal tumor-suppressor gene. In order to understand the role of DCC in cell transformation, we have established a stable Rat-1 cell line expressing dexamethasone-inducible DCC antisense RNA. High levels of dexamethasone-inducible DCC antisense RNA were detected in the Rat-1 transfectants. The antisense DCC-expressing Rat-1 cells showed a faster growth rate, anchorage independence and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Exposure of the parental Rat-1 cells to antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides to DCC resulted in inhibition of cell adhesion to the substratum which could be abrogated by various extracellular matrices. On the other hand, a bone marrow-derived stromal cell line which does not express DCC showed no detachment from the substratum when treated with the antisense oligo to DCC. These results suggest that the DCC gene is involved in cell adhesion and provide the first direct biological evidence for the possible role of DCC as a tumor-suppressor gene.