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Understanding prostate cancer.

Emad Siddiqui1, Faiz H Mumtaz, James Gelister

  • 1Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2QG, England.

The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health
|October 21, 2004
PubMed
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Prostate cancer incidence is rising, especially in older men. Current treatments for advanced, hormone-refractory prostate cancer are inadequate, necessitating research into alternative therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men in Europe and the USA.
  • Incidence has increased by 60-75% in the Western world over 15 years.
  • One in twelve men over 60 are affected, rising to three in twelve in 20 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rising incidence of prostate cancer.
  • To review current treatment strategies for localized and metastatic disease.
  • To highlight the need for novel therapies for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of prostate cancer incidence and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, and androgen ablation therapy.
  • Assessment of treatment effectiveness and identification of unmet needs.

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Main Results:

  • Early prostate cancer often asymptomatic, but may present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  • Localized disease is treatable with surgery and radiotherapy; combination therapies are under evaluation.
  • Metastatic disease (20% of cases) is primarily treated with androgen ablation, but resistance develops, leading to hormone-refractory tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatments exist for localized prostate cancer, with ongoing research for improved outcomes.
  • Androgen ablation therapy is the standard for metastatic disease, but eventual relapse to hormone-refractory cancer occurs.
  • Current treatments for hormone-refractory prostate cancer are inadequate, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies.