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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
08:10

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Published on: December 14, 2015

PDE6 is an effector for the Wnt/Ca2+/cGMP-signalling pathway in development.

H Wang1, Y Lee, C C Malbon

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA. wangh@pharm.sunysb.edu

Biochemical Society Transactions
|October 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) as the key enzyme in the Frizzled-2-mediated Wnt/Ca(2+)/cGMP signaling pathway during development. This finding clarifies a crucial molecular mechanism in Wnt signaling.

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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
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Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Published on: December 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients
08:10

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Published on: December 14, 2015

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
07:34

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Published on: February 16, 2017

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro
11:14

Modeling Paracrine Noncanonical Wnt Signaling In Vitro

Published on: December 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Wnt signaling is crucial for development, utilizing Frizzled receptors and distinct pathways.
  • The Wnt/Ca(2+)/cGMP pathway, mediated by Frizzled-2, was recently discovered.
  • This pathway involves increased intracellular Ca(2+) and decreased cGMP concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific phosphodiesterase enzyme responsible for the Frizzled-2-mediated decrease in cGMP levels.
  • To elucidate the molecular effector in the Wnt/Ca(2+)/cGMP signaling pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme inhibition assays using selective inhibitors.
  • Chromatographic separation techniques.
  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification.

Main Results:

  • The enzyme's sensitivity to inhibitors and chromatographic behavior pointed to a specific phosphodiesterase.
  • Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the identity of the enzyme.
  • Phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) was identified as the effector molecule.

Conclusions:

  • cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) is the effector for the Frizzled-2-mediated Wnt/Ca(2+)/cGMP signaling pathway.
  • This identification provides a key molecular insight into Wnt signaling during development.