Posttransplant malignancy

In the past few decades, great advances have been made in the field of solid-organ transplantation. A greater understanding of immune system function, the development of modern immunosuppression, and advancements in surgical technique have led to marked improvements in both recipient and graft survivals, as well as recipients' quality of life. However, improved survival rates have also led to prolonged exposure to chronic immunosuppression, which increases the risk for the development of posttransplant malignancies. In addition, older transplant candidates are being considered, carrying with them the increased likelihood of preexisting malignancy. Consequently, the potential risk of posttransplant malignancy must be considered. Moreover, as long-term transplant survivors continue to age, posttransplant malignancies will be seen more frequently. This review presents the more commonly encountered posttransplant malignancies and the measures that are currently being utilized to prevent and treat them.