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Unconscious perception: a model-based approach to method and evidence.

Michael Snodgrass1, Edward Bernat, Howard Shevrin

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. jmsnodgr@umich.edu

Perception & Psychophysics
|October 22, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Unconscious perception is demonstrated by showing that conscious perception overrides unconscious influences. Unconscious effects are reliably observed only when conscious perception is absent, typically at the objective detection threshold.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception

Background:

  • Unconscious perceptual effects are debated due to difficulties in excluding conscious perception.
  • Existing models struggle to differentiate between conscious and unconscious influences.
  • Hierarchical models suggest conscious perception requires lower-level discrimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel methodological framework for studying unconscious perception.
  • To rigorously test the null hypothesis of single-process conscious perception.
  • To investigate the relationship between conscious and unconscious perceptual influences.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a methodological framework emphasizing the single-process conscious perception model.
  • Analyzed relationships between direct and indirect measures of perception.

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  • Examined effects at the objective detection and identification thresholds.

    • Main Results:

    • Found negative and/or nonmonotonic relationships between direct and indirect measures, contradicting alternative models.
    • Demonstrated that conscious perception typically overrides unconscious influences.
    • Established that unconscious perceptual effects are reliably observed only when conscious perception is absent.

    Conclusions:

    • Provided strong evidence for the existence of unconscious perception.
    • Suggested that conscious and unconscious perceptual influences are functionally exclusive.
    • Concluded that unconscious perception is evident at the objective detection threshold but not identification threshold.