Effect of symptoms on executive function in bipolar illness
T Dixon1, E Kravariti, C Frith
1Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
Psychological Medicine
|October 27, 2004
Summary
Executive function deficits in bipolar I disorder are most pronounced during manic episodes, linked to thought disorder. However, impairments in response initiation, strategic thinking, and inhibitory control may reflect the underlying condition.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Bipolar disorder presents with complex cognitive-symptomatology relationships.
- Executive function assessment across mood states in bipolar I disorder is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate executive function performance in manic, depressed, and remitted bipolar I patients.
- To compare cognitive function in bipolar patients with healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Administered verbal fluency, sentence completion, Stroop, and cognitive estimates tests.
- Included manic (n=15), depressed (n=15), remitted (n=15) bipolar I patients, and controls (n=30).
- Utilized multiple regression and ANCOVA to analyze executive dysfunction determinants.
Main Results:
- Executive function deficits were most significant in the manic state.
- Manic patients showed lower accuracy, correlated with positive thought disorder severity.
- Depressed and remitted groups had less widespread impairment; all bipolar groups exhibited deficits in response initiation, strategic thinking, and inhibitory control.
Conclusions:
- Executive dysfunction in bipolar I disorder is most apparent during mania, associated with formal thought disorder.
- Deficits in response initiation, strategic thinking, and inhibitory control may be intrinsic to bipolar disorder, irrespective of specific symptoms.
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